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丘吉尔的最后一次演讲

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发表于 2014-5-13 01:14:34 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
作者 鲁先圣 来源:演讲  


丘吉尔的最后一次演讲

丘吉尔的最后一次演讲


二战时期的英国首相丘吉尔不仅是一位杰出的政治家,而且是一位才华横溢的演讲家,正是他无数次激昂慷慨的演讲,给了当时怀疑、忧郁的英国民众以巨大的精神力量,使整个英国树立起坚持不懈、战斗到底的民族气概。​

  他最后一次演讲是在剑桥大学的毕业典礼上。1940年,德国轰炸伦敦后,整个英国都沉浸在怀疑、忧郁的情绪中。1941年10月29日,丘吉尔出席了剑桥大学的毕业典礼。开始的时候,校长想请首相率先致辞。丘吉尔说:不,我到典礼结束前20分钟再讲。在典礼进行到最后20分钟的时候,校长把一直坐在一旁的首相介绍给大家,请首相致辞。丘吉尔站在主席台上,从容地脱下大衣,摘下帽子,默默地注视着台下的几千名青年学生。一分钟后,他挥舞着拳头,开始了他习惯式的演讲。演讲持续了20分钟。但是,这20分钟,他只不断重复着讲了两句相同的话:坚持到底,永不放弃!坚持到底,永不放弃!​

  演讲结束了,丘吉尔穿上大衣,戴上帽子,从容地离开了会场。整个会场鸦雀无声,几分钟的寂静之后,掌声雷动。大家纷纷站立起来,热泪盈眶,目送着远去的首相。​

  这场演讲被称为成功学演讲史上的经典之作。在民族危亡的关头,在整个民族需要一种坚强的时候,他用这种方式告诉人民:胜利没有什么困难,战胜敌人也没有困难,只要坚持到底,永不放弃。​

  这场演讲之后的第二天,英国所有报纸的头版标题都是这样的一句话:坚持到底,永不放弃!这句话,成为了当时英国的民族精神,也迅速成为世界反法西斯战线的精神旗帜。​

  无论是一个国家、一个民族,还是一个人,都需要这样一种精神。缺乏恒心、半途而废是大多数失败的主要根源。成功的主要原因是一个人坚韧不拔的恒心和忍耐力量,是一个人在逆境中依然坚强不屈的精神意志。​
扩展阅读:丘吉尔最著名的演讲​

你们问:我们的目的是什么?我可以用一个词来答复:胜利————不惜一切代价去争取胜利,无论多么恐怖也要去争取胜利;无论道路多么遥远和艰难,也要去争取胜利;因为没有胜利,就不能生存。​


​

这是丘吉尔1940年5月13日在下院发表的首相就职演讲,内容大概如下:

星期五晚上,我接受了英王陛下的委托,组织新政府。这次组阁,应包括所有的政党,既有支持上届政府的政党,也有上届政府的反对党,显而易见,这是议会和国家的希望与意愿。我已完成了此项任务中最重要的部分。战时内阁业已成立,由5位阁员组成,其中包括反对党的自由主义者,代表了举国一致的团结。三党领袖已经同意加入战时内阁,或者担任国家高级行政职务。三军指挥机构已加以充实。由于事态发展的极端紧迫感和严重性,仅仅用一天时间完成此项任务,是完全必要的。其他许多重要职位已在昨天任命。我将在今天晚上向英王陛下呈递补充名单,并希望于明日一天完成对政府主要大臣的任命。其他一些大臣的任命,虽然通常需要更多一点的时间,但是,我相信会议再次开会时,我的这项任务将告完成,而且本届政府在各方面都将是完整无缺的。
我认为,向下院建议在今天开会是符合公众利益的。议长先生同意这个建议,并根据下院决议所授予他的权力,采取了必要的步骤。今天议程结束时,建议下院休会到5月21日星期二。当然,还要附加规定,如果需要的话,可以提前复会。下周会议所要考虑的议题,将尽早通知全体议员。现在,我请求下院,根据以我的名义提出的决议案,批推已采取的各项步骤,将它记录在案,并宣布对新政府的信任。

组成一届具有这种规模和复杂性的政府,本身就是一项严肃的任务。但是大家一定要记住,我们正处在历史上一次最伟大的战争的初期阶段,我们正在挪威和荷兰的许多地方进行战斗,我们必须在地中海地区做好准备,空战仍在继续,众多的战备工作必须在国内完成。在这危急存亡之际,如果我今天没有向下院做长篇演说,我希望能够得到你们的宽恕。我还希望,因为这次政府改组而受到影响的任何朋友和同事,或者以前的同事,会对礼节上的不周之处予以充分谅解,这种礼节上的欠缺,到目前为止是在所难免的。正如我曾对参加本届政府的成员所说的那样,我要向下院说:“我没什么可以奉献,有的.只是热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水。”

摆在我们面前的,是一场极为痛苦的严峻的考验。在我们面前,有许多许多漫长的斗争和苦难的岁月。你们问:我们的政策是什么我要说,我们的政策就是用我们全部能力,用上帝所给予我们的全部力量,在海上、陆地和空中进行战争,同一个在人类黑暗悲惨的罪恶史上所从未有过的穷凶极恶的暴政进行战争。这就是我们的政策。你们问:我们的目标是什么我可以用一个词来回答:胜利——不惜一切代价,去赢得胜利;无论多么可怕,也要赢得胜利,无论道路多么遥远和艰难,也要赢得胜利。因为没有胜利,就不能生存。大家必须认识到这一点:没有胜利,就没有英帝国的存在,就没有英帝国所代表的一切,就没有促使人类朝着自己目标奋勇前进这一世代相因的强烈欲望和动力。但是当我挑起这个担子的时候,我是心情愉快、满怀希望的。我深信,人们不会听佳我们的事业遭受失败。此时此刻,我觉得我有权利要求大家的支持,我要说:“来吧,让我们同心协力,一道前进。”

英文原文

Blood, Sweat And Tears

Winston Churchill May 13, 1940


On Friday evening last I received from His Majesty the mission to form a new administration.

It was the evident will of Parliament and the nation that this should be conceived on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties.

I have already completed the most important part of this task. A war cabinet has been formed of five members, representing, with the Labor, Opposition and Liberals, the unity of the nation.

It was necessary that this should be done in one single day on account of the extreme urgency and rigor of events. Other key positions were filled yesterday. I am submitting a further list to the King tonight. I hope to complete the appointment of principal Ministers during tomorrow.
The appointment of other Ministers usually takes a little longer. I trust when Parliament meets again this part of my task will be completed and that the administration will be complete in all respects.

I considered it in the public interest to suggest to the Speaker that the House should be summoned today. At the end of today's proceedings, the adjournment of the House will be proposed until May 2l with provision for earlier meeting if need be. Business for that will be notified to M. P. 's at the earliest opportunity.

I now invite the House by a resolution to record its approval of the steps taken and declare its confidence in the new government. The resolution

That this House welcomes the formation of a government representing the united and inflexible resolve of the nation to prosecute the war with Germany to a victorious conclusion.

To form an administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself. But we are in the preliminary Phase of one of the greatest battles in history. We are in action at any other points-in Norway and in Holland-and we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean. The air battle is continuing, and many preparations have to be made here at home.

In this crisis I think I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today, and I hope that any of my friends and colleagues or for mer colleagues who are affected by the political reconstruction will make all allowances for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.

I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.

You ask, what is our policy I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy.

You ask, what is our aim I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.

Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.

I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men.

I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.​


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